데이즈

Problem

This paper is focused on the Internet of Things (IoT), which has rapidly grown in IT market, and give clear information to readers what is IoT. The new era of IoT has come. Beyond the age of IoT, i.e. transferring data between object to object, object to person, and person to person, IoT now connects every devices that are anythings. Once object such as embedded device is connected, the connection itself directly impacts human behaviors. As a result, creating a connected market rooted in industrial manufacturing and supplying a business model based on the IoT service are now the main success factor of the internet/mobile/social media business. This paper addresses different visions of the IoT paradigm, enabling technologies, and potentialities offering such as Healthcare, Smart environment, etc, by the IoT

Solution

It is not easy to understand what the IoT really means. This paper described IoT with three terms such as Internet oriented, Things oriented, and Semantic oriented, to understand what IoT means. According to the Auto-ID Labs[4], "Things oriented" perspective considers very simple things such as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags. It stands at the hot technologies driving the vision of IoT, but has to be low cost, strong support from the business community. Because of RFID, ITU vision of the IoT is "from anytime, anyplace connectivity for anyone, we will now have connectivity for anything". "Internet oriented" perspective considers very lightweight-based internet such as 6LoWPAN. IoT protocol has to be fit to any devices for communication, but it is designed to route "IP over anything". "Semantic oriented" perspective considers how to represent, store, interconnect, search, and organize information generated by the IoT. This paper addresses that the IoT semantically means "a world-wide network of interconnected objects uniquely addressable, based on standard communication protocols"
 

Because of the IoT perspective, "Anytime, anywhere, anymedia", enabling Technologies for IoT have requirements: Identification, sensing and communication technologies, middleware.

For Identification, sensing and communication technologies, RFID tags is hot technology for the IoT. It is the wireless use to transfer data for identifying and tracking tags attached to things. It has been developed with dimensions 0.4mm x 0.4mm x 0.15 mm which is small enough for any IoT devices. RFID tags usually are passive, but semi-passive and active. The strength of the passive tags is that the passive RFID tags do not have power supplies and has simple design. Semi-passive tags operates similarly to the passive tag; however, it uses the reader signal and the power supplies when cause a response from the tag. The active tags contain a battery and do not depend on the reader signal to generate a response. Sensor networks will also play a crucial role in the IoT. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of sensing nodes communicating in a wireless area such as environmental monitoring, E-health, intelligent transportation systems, military, and industrial plant monitoring and Its design proposed, for the high radio coverage, that are energy efficiency, scalability, reliability, and robustness. The Middleware, which is software layer, follows the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) approach. The SOA consists of an ecosystem of simpler and well-defined components. This paper addresses three functions of the SOA; Service composition, Service management, and Object abstraction. The SOA approach is recognized in most studies on middleware solution for IoT.

The IoT concept has broadly spread to the world with many potentialities offered in many domains such as transportation and logistics, Healthcare, Smart environment, and Personal and social. For transportation and logistics domain, the paper introduces this domain, which contained advanced cars, trains, and buses with sensors, actuators, and processing power, into five different fields: Logistics, Assisted driving, Mobile ticketing, Environment monitoring, and Augmented maps. For Healthcare domain, there are many benefits provided by the IoT technologies and this applications can be used into Tracking, Identifcation, Authentication, and Sensing fields...etc

There are many issues including Standardization Activity that several contributions to the Standardization of the IoT paradigm. For The IoT standardization, many groups such as ITU challenges and organized in conjunction with several related meetings of the IoT standard groups and alliances. Another issue is that IoT will include an world-wide connected with high number of nodes. One of solutions for an incredible network is 6LoWPAN which is lightweight protocol for IPv6 that its addresses are expressed by means of 128 bits and defined 10^38 addresses, which means infinite addresses. Finally, IoT must solve security and privacy issue. Because of IoT devices that are characterized by low capabilities in terms of energy and computing resources such as hash operation, they can't implement complex operations.

In this paper, they have surveyed the most important issues in the IoT and provided to researcher and IoT-related people for further research.

Critique

After read this paper, I consider distribution and many industries to be the most suitable business types to utilize IoT service. Because, it is the service to supply interconnection of goods, media, service, benefit, and analysis under the subject of “Business platform service to create ecosystem to generate, supply, and consume goods and services” While offline customers have moved to mobile and internet based market through the spread of internet and mobile, mobile’s mobility and beacon analysis based real time benefit will expand local firsthand commerce and offer local based real time offer utilizing customers paths of traffic data, domestic and foreign tourism and marketing business will be expanded. Marketing business for specific customers based on location, time, age, favor, and intention, not DB based random multitude customers will grow. In addition, the service with IoT will provide information and service in demand for customers. Furthermore, by providing real time information exchange between customers mediating same beacons, the service aids customers  to offer and make optimal means and decisions.

It is also important to have a partnership with leading IoT vision and technology. To secure a global IoT leadership, Global companies such as Cisco, providing computing platform, and the platform enables to provide precise information to customers by analyzing specialized data based on regional or customers characteristics filtering data collected through computing. I believe that through global network, I can inform successful case of IoT in use and to acquire suitable partnership with foreign adaptability.

Second, I consider device integrated chip-design technology to be necessary to spread IoT service across the global community. As part of the effort to expand service, I might able to design service specialized device and to utilize production specialized, extreme environment, such as high temperature/high moisture/low temperature, adaptable, eco-friendly solar charge as a part of effort to save energy, and wifi-connected devices.

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http://hunift.blogspot.kr/2017/05/reseach-paper-review-internet-of-things.html

Fluorescent sorting could light up recycling rates

재활용률을 높여줄 형광 물질을 이용한 분류

Most of us dutifully separate our plastic packaging from the rest of our rubbish. But less than 30 percent of the UK's plastic ends up being recycled.

번역: 우리들 대부분은 플라스틱 포장지를 쓰레기에서 분리합니다. 그러나 영국의 플라스틱 중 30 퍼센트도 되지 않는 양이 재활용되고 있습니다.

"Current recycling technologies look at the NIR (near infrared) signature of plastics and so we can sort plastics by polymer type. But one of the limitations is that we can't identify what the products have been used for in the past. So we can't tell the difference between a bleach bottle and a milk bottle."

번역: "현재 재활용기술은 플라스틱의 NIR (근적외선) 특징을 보이기 때문에 플라스틱을 고분자 유형에 따라 분류할 수 있습니다. 그러나 그 한계들 중 하나는 플라스틱 제품들이 과거에 어떤 목적으로 사용되었는지를 확인할 수 없다는 것입니다. 그래서 표백제 병과 우유 병의 차이를 구별할 수 없습니다."

Researchers at Brunel University London and industry partners Nextek say their new fluorescent light technique can change this.

번역: 브루넬 유니버시티 런던과 업계 동업자인 넥스텍의 연구자들은 그들의 새로운 형광 기술이 이것을 바꿀 수 있다고 말합니다.

"This technology that we've been working on will be able to tell us whether something was previously food grade, so we can then recycle it back into food grade applications. And the big implication here is that we can close the circle on packaging for the first time."

번역: "우리가 작업해 온 이 기술은 무엇이 이전에 식품용이었는지를 알려줄 수 있을 것이며, 그것을 다시 식품용 적용방식으로 재활용할 수 있습니다. 그리고 큰 의미를 갖는 것은 처음으로 포장에 대한 사이클을 끝맺을 수 있다는 것입니다."

The system works by adding phosphors, the luminescent materials that give strip lights their glow, to plastic labels or packaging. "When the plastic bottles are sent to the recycling plant, if they have our labels on, then they'll go up the conveyor belt in the normal way. There's a system for reading the bottles currently with our labels on - that system can be changed quite easily to then recognize a bottle we want to sort, either positive or negative. And then the conveyor belt system puts a jet of air that separates the bottle into another bin." The system can be retrofitted to existing high-speed sorting systems. So it's cheap - and should make plastic recycling more financially attractive to businesses. "It doesn't have to be confined to plastics. It could be any kind of recycling that might be interesting - in the automotive industry, in the electronics industry, in fact in the building industry." In initial full-scale tests the system sorted up to 98 percent of labeled plastics with 100 percent accuracy.

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http://hunift.blogspot.kr/2017/05/reuters-fluorescent-sorting-could-light.html